Cotton cultivation causes soil degradation and erosion as well as loss of forest area and other habitat. Cotton Production Adopting more efficient cotton production practices is now a requirement instead of an advantage for all segments of the cotton industry. Ginning can be done using hands or by machines. Theoretically, the typical self-pollinating cotton plant doesn’t require bees in order to pollinate and produce fiber or seeds. Have you ever wondered how it's grown and harvested? During the initial phase, the growth speed of cotton is slow. As the kier is heated and pressurized, the alkali solution is continuously pumped through the cakes. Processing stages in cotton yarn manufacturing [8]. The advancement in fiber processing and machine technology for yarn manufacturing is continuous. Production: India has the largest area under cotton cultivation in the world though she is the world’s third largest producer of cotton after China and the USA. Your email address will not be published. Due to this, there is aeration and bolls not rotten and less incidence of insect and diseases of cotton. Mechanically by utilizing inter-row cultivators, molding discs and spring tynes. Clothes made out of cotton are especially light and comfortable. Saline soils are not suitable for cotton cultivation. Required fields are marked *. World Top 10 Countries of Cotton Producers:- The following countries are top 10 producers of cotton. Intercropping is accepted as 2:1 proportion. This can be done by hand and also by machines. Varieties / Types (Cultivars) of Cotton:- The Popular cotton species cultivated across the world are: There are many hybrids and improved cotton varieties are available under above species. The depth of soil should not be less than 20 to 25 cm. It is advised to go for a soil test before cultivating the cotton. Organic Cotton Material Snapshot Material Scenario Cotton fiber that is grown, processed, and certified, according to organic standards. In most cases, those machines also fall a predefined quantity of fertilizer granules between the seeds. Secondly, spraying ought to be carried out 2 to 3 weeks after first spraying. However, loamy soil mixed with lime and potash is good for cotton cultivation and it grows well in Black Cotton Soil which is sticky in nature and has water retentive property. script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js">, Having interest in farming made me to go for helping farmers and other individuals to make profits from agriculture farming, livestock farming ,horticulture farming and gardening. Ginning: The plant from which cotton is picked contains seeds. But in terms of comfort natural fibers have a greater advantage when compared to synthetic fibers. Spinning process is an initial step to produce textile layout such as garments, fabric, home textile and so on. Cotton production is a water-intensive business. For hybrid varieties, fertilizer dose is 80:40:40 kg nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash per hectare. China is the top producer of cotton in the world. Unit processes for the production of cotton begin with the seed at field, cultivation, and ginning. Its seeds are fed to cattle and crushed to make oil, rubber and plastics. The process of removing these seeds from cotton pods is known as ginning. The ideal rainfall of 60 to 100 cm is required for cotton cultivation of cotton. Increased yield due to decreased plant stress. First picking of cotton should be done when 30-35% bolls open fully. Gap Filling: If you find any seeds that are not germinating even after 1 week of sowing, gap filling should be carried out by planting healthy cotton plants. Cotton seeds are sown directly in the field with special sowing machines. Today, so many products are created from cotton. Intercropping: Farmers can get additional income cultivating intercrops during initial days of planting. Fiber is a synthetic substance that is used in the manufacturing of several other materials, for instance, carbon-fiber. When the plant matures, the fiber is harvested without removing the seeds; the harvested product is called seed cotton. Processes involved in its  cultivation. It is basically used for every type of clothing from jackets to normal shirts. These machines open tiny trenches for the seeds, drop the seeds inside at certain distances between them and then cover lightly with soil. To know more  about natural fibers like cotton, silk and jute, their cultivation and uses please subscribe BYJU’S on YouTube and to follow more about the same, download BYJU’S – the learning app. Weaving: The process of making a fabric by arranging two sets of yarn together. Pests and Diseases of Cotton Crop:- Controlling pests and diseases in cotton cultivation is the utmost priority for getting high yields and quality cotton. Cotton was discovered in threads on a copper bead at a burial site dated to the Neolithic period (6000 BC). You can also fill the gaps during thinning. The process of removing these seeds from cotton pods is known as ginning. However, it depends on the variety. More than those other crops, cotton could be produced cheaply and efficiently, and Southern plantation owners grew wealthy selling it both domestically and, of increasing importance, internationally. Seed Treatment for Cotton Production:- Cottonseed treatment of fungicides should be given @ 3 grams/1 kg of cottonseed. We leave an average distance of 3 ft between rows, in order to facilitate the mechanical harvest. Surface and ground waters are often diverted to irrigate cotton fields, leading to freshwater loss … Cotton is one of Its seed oil is used in food and cosmetics. Currently it is grown over 6 per cent of the net sown area. Processing of cotton Involves: Preparatory Processes Spinning Weaving Finishing Preparatory process Preparatory process involves ginning, Blending, Carding, Combing, Drawing Spinning Most spinning today is done using Break or Open-end spinning, this is a technique where the staples are blown by air into a rotating drum, where they attach themselves to the tail of formed yarn that is … But, it has been estimated that the visits of bees to most cotton plants (self-fertile or not) increase final fiber production by at least 10% in weight, while the quantity of seed production also increases. Thinning: In the case of irrigated cotton at the time of dibbling 3 to 4 cotton seeds should be sown dibbled. Cotton – a seed hair fiber is commonly found in subtropical areas across the world. 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Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The application of nitrogen is given by ring process. • 3.seedling: After germination the initial leave will help the roots to … Land Preparation for Cotton Production:- The land preparation should be done in the dry season well in advance of the planting of cotton crop in order to allow for weathering. Marketing of Cotton:- You can transport freshly harvested cotton to local markets or spinning mills. The global average water footprint of cotton fabric is 10,000 litres per kilogram. Cotton is a crop with lots of uses including for the clothes we wear everyday. › Farmers instead use a rich compost and remove the pests be hand. The ideal rainfall of 60 to 100 cm is required for cotton cultivation of cotton. 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The optimal temperature for cotton growing is 24°C. Production and processing of cotton uses a large amount of water. Organic Cotton Processing, Organic Cotton Production means not only the absence of inorganic synthetic fertilizers and pesticides but it involves very careful planning of … Indian local varieties may yield 9 to 10 quintal/hectare. Intercultural Operations of Cotton Crop:- As we know weeds compete with fertilizers/nutrients/water and can reduce the yield. Spinning: The process of turning fiber into yarn is known as spinning. When compared to natural fibers, synthetic fibers can be produced in large scale, and they are cost-efficient. A pair of jeans of 800 grams will cost 8000 litres. Soil Requirement for Cotton Production:-Cotton can be cultivated in a wide range of soils. Introduction to Cotton:- Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, round the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. It takes from 80 to 110 days for planting and flowering; another 55 to 80 days are required for the flower to produce the cotton ball. When it does rain, it settles any extraneous materials on the cotton and makes it harder to perfect the cotton during the ginning process. The seed is then fed by rain and once the cotton plant has grown cotton farmers will then pick the cotton by hand. The land which has not been cultivated for many years needs to be cleared of trees, bush, and significant vegetation. These soil may include the red-brown, yellow-brown, grey-brown and black types. Cotton crop thrives best in warm and moist climatic conditions where summer is long and where there is salinity in the soil. Knitting: Two yarns are used in knitting whereas in weaving more than two yarn can be used. Processes involved in its cultivation. The seed rate may depend on cultivation methods and variety. The summer-sown harvest becomes regular irrigations at intervals of 8-12 days. Some experts contend that cotton is the largest user of water among all agricultural commodities. When it comes to seed rate, 25 to 30 kg of seed will fulfill the requirement of 1-acre cultivation. Cultivation And Processing Of Cotton Cotton cultivation requires a warm, humid climate and sandy soil . The use of child labor and slavery is common in the industry. Irrigation causes the seed to germinate and break through the surface to reach daylight. Ginning can be done using hands or by machines. The yield of Cotton:- Yield of the crop depends on many factors such as variety, irrigation, climate, pest control, soil type, and other crop management practices. So it is beneficial to take short duration intercrops. The first stage of the process is planting the cotton seed. Email: greg.holt@usda.gov Phone: (806)746-5353 Fax: (806)746-5028 USDA, ARS, PA, CROPPING SYSTEMS RESEARCH LAB 1604 EAST FM 1294 (LUBBOCK, TX 79403) Lubbock, TX 79401 Few cotton mills generally conduct the textile manufacturing process by generating fibers from cotton bales supplied and processing it ahead to attain fabrics. The alternative: Organic cotton Hybrid varieties may yield 28 to 30 quintals/hectare. American variety may yield: 11 to 12 quintals/hectare. The harvesting and sowing time of crops differ in different regions, depending upon the climate conditions. This Kharif crop requires 6-8 months to mature. Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Table 24.14 shows the trends in the production of cotton in India. Processing of cotton Hence good weed control is important for successful cotton cultivation. India. Propagation for Cotton Crop:- Propagation of cotton crop is done by seeds. The cotton growing season takes place between April and November. Soil Requirement for Cotton Production:- Cotton can be cultivated in a wide range of soils. 20% nitrogen and entire phosphorus and potash ought to be given in the time of sowing and 40% nitrogen in the time of square formation and final 40% nitrogen in the time of flowering. Manures and Fertilizers of Cotton Crop:- The fertilizer required for irrigated cotton is 100:50:50kg nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash per hectare is suggested. Cotton Incorporated is committed to providing cotton production information and cotton production resources to help the cotton industry meet and exceed these challenges. 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