Each half of a flag depicts 5 knots (9.3 km/h) of wind. Winds of this strength due to downsloped winds off terrain have been known to shatter windows and sandblast paint from cars. This may be caused by the wind blowing over cavities, or by vortices created in the air downstream of an object. Nowadays, a yardstick used to determine the best locations for wind energy development is referred to as wind power density (WPD). Air, usually poetical, applies to a very gentle motion of the air. When the temperature onshore cools below the temperature offshore, the pressure over the water will be lower than that of the land, establishing a land breeze, as long as an onshore wind is not strong enough to oppose it. Below is a summary of the classifications used by Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers worldwide: The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) rates the strength of tornadoes in the United States by using damage to estimate wind speed. This is called deflation. The Wind River is the upper course of the Bighorn River. [145] Sunlight warms the ground during the day and causes air currents to travel uphill, and downhill during the night as the land cools. The solar wind creates the Heliosphere, a vast bubble in the interstellar medium surrounding the Solar System. Therefore, a northeast wind will be depicted with a line extending from the cloud circle to the northeast, with flags indicating wind speed on the northeast end of this line. Like this video? Wind occurs on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. There are two main effects. Winds can shape landforms, via a variety of aeolian processes such as the formation of fertile soils, such as loess, and by erosion. The strongest observed winds on a planet in the Solar System occur on Neptune and Saturn. Wind dispersal can take on one of two primary forms: seeds can float on the breeze or alternatively, they can flutter to the ground. Wind definition is - a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : the earth's air or the gas surrounding a planet in natural motion horizontally. This rotation turns an internal shaft connected to a gearbox, which increases the speed of rotation by a factor of 100. wind noun (CURRENT OF AIR) A1 [ C or U ] a current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt: There isn't enough wind to fly a kite. [53] Winds that flow over mountains down into lower elevations are known as downslope winds. Each day, around the world, wind turbines are capturing the wind’s power and converting it to electricity. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations. Subscribe to our free daily email and get a new idiom video every day! In human civilization, the concept of wind has been explored in mythology, influenced the events of history, expanded the range of transport and warfare, and provided a power source for mechanical work, electricity, and recreation. High altitude wind power is the focus of over 30 companies worldwide using tethered technology rather than ground-hugging compressive-towers. [30] The trade winds act as the steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over the world's oceans. The polar easterlies, also known as Polar Hadley cells, are dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards the low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. [32], A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several months within tropical regions. A squall is an increase of the wind speed above a certain threshold, which lasts for a minute or more. The wind is also an important means of transportation for seeds and small birds; with time things can travel thousands of miles in the wind. Strong updrafts, downdrafts, and eddies develop as the air flows over hills and down valleys. Its speed is 20,000,000 miles per hour (32,000,000 km/h), which is 3% of the speed of light. [113] Dust events have been linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida, primarily since the 1970s. [95] The velocity of surface wind is generally the primary factor governing the direction of flight operations at an airport, and airfield runways are aligned to account for the common wind direction(s) of the local area. Areas of wind shear caused by various weather phenomena can lead to dangerous situations for aircraft. When a difference in atmospheric pressure exists, air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area, resulting in winds of various speeds. Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. Wind power is considered a renewable energy source. In the coldest climates such as Antarctica, emperor penguins use huddling behavior to survive the wind and cold, continuously alternating the members on the outside of the assembled group, which reduces heat loss by 50%. The trade winds (also called trades) are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics towards the Earth's equator. It flows parallel to isobars and approximates the flow above the atmospheric boundary layer in the midlatitudes. A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics", Federal Meteorological Handbook No. [15] A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust, one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval by 10 knots (5 m/s) for periods of seconds. How to use wind in a sentence. Intensity Observation and Forecast Errors", "National Weather Service Instruction 10-1605", National Centers for Environmental Prediction, "African Dust Called A Major Factor Affecting Southeast U.S. Air Quality", "Chapter-II Monsoon-2004: Onset, Advancement and Circulation Features", "Climatology of the Interior Columbia River Basin", National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanographic Partnership Program, "The Physical Environment: Global scale circulation", "The Role of Mountains in the South Asian Monsoon Circulation", 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1515:TROMIT>2.0.CO;2, "The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband", 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1465:TIOMOO>2.0.CO;2, "T-REX: Catching the Sierra's waves and rotors", "CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (e). When large-scale winds are calm, the strength of the sea breeze is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the landmass and the sea. The fastest wind ever recorded is coming from the accretion disc of the IGR J17091-3624 black hole. Atlas 3,000-Watt Wind Turbine Generator Wind energy is the undisputed champion of Wind energy is the undisputed champion of green energy technology. Windup definition is - the act of bringing to an end. So, we find that the total wind energy is: Differentiating with respect to time to find the rate of increase of energy, we find that the total wind power is: Wind power is thus proportional to the third power of the wind velocity. [31] Trade winds also steer African dust westward across the Atlantic Ocean into the Caribbean, as well as portions of southeast North America. [108] It generally occurs as a widespread blanket deposit that covers areas of hundreds of square kilometers and tens of meters thick. 'Nip it in the butt' or 'Nip it in the bud'? [109] Loess tends to develop into highly rich soils. [144] The most powerful gusts of wind on Earth were created by nuclear detonations. When dust from the Sahara moving around the southern periphery of the ridge within the belt of trade winds moves over land, rainfall is suppressed and the sky changes from a blue to a white appearance, which leads to an increase in red sunsets. Cassini–Huygens data indicated peak easterly winds of 375 meters per second (840 mph). [79] Venti are the Roman gods of the winds. The words whined, wind, wined, wynd sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. In addition, the wind speed also increases with the altitude. Further insufficiencies, such as rotor blade friction and drag, gearbox losses, generator and converter losses, reduce the power delivered by a wind turbine. [146] United States wildfire operations revolve around a 24-hour fire day that begins at 10:00 a.m. because of the predictable increase in intensity resulting from the daytime warmth.[147]. In coastal regions, sea breezes and land breezes can be important factors in a location's prevailing winds. In Central America, examples include the Papagayo wind, the Panama wind, and the Tehuano wind. The wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure. Therefore, windbreaks (such as big trees and bushes) are often planted by farmers to reduce the wind erosion of loess. Over long periods of time, the planetary wind can radically change the composition of planetary atmospheres. The largest nuclear explosion (50–58 megatons at an altitude of about 13,000 feet (4,000 m)) generated a 20 bar blast pressure at ground zero, which is similar to a wind gust of 3,100 miles per hour (5,000 km/h). [5] The gradient wind is similar to the geostrophic wind but also includes centrifugal force (or centripetal acceleration). Winds have various aspects: velocity (wind speed); the density of the gas involved; energy content or wind energy. Wind affects animals' food stores, as well as their hunting and defensive strategies. Moisture is removed by orographic lift, leaving drier air on the descending and generally warming, leeward side where a rain shadow is observed. [139] Especially on high buildings, many structural parts may be a cause of annoying noise at certain wind conditions. [151] Other phenomena caused by the solar wind include geomagnetic storms that can knock out power grids on Earth,[154] the aurorae such as the Northern Lights,[155] and the plasma tails of comets that always point away from the sun. Such windblown sand causes extensive damage to plant seedlings because it ruptures plant cells, making them vulnerable to evaporation and drought. Downslope winds also occur in the foothills of the Appalachian mountains of the United States,[55] and they can be as strong as other downslope winds [56] and unusual compared to other foehn winds in that the relative humidity typically changes little due to the increased moisture in the source air mass. Using the concept of stream tube, the maximal achievable extraction of wind power by a wind turbine is 16/27 ≈ 59% of the total theoretical wind power[27] (see: Betz' law). On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. [85] During Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign, the French soldiers had a hard time with the khamsin wind: when the storm appeared "as a blood-stint in the distant sky", the Ottomans went to take cover, while the French "did not react until it was too late, then choked and fainted in the blinding, suffocating walls of dust". [110] Loess deposits are geologically unstable by nature, and will erode very readily. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Originally it was a 13-level scale (0-12), but during the 1940s, the scale was expanded to 18 levels (0-17). Climbing the mountain, never coming down. Wind is the flow of air that occurs as it is heated by the sun and thus rises. [61]Wind power has expanded quickly, its share of worldwide electricity usage at the end of 2014 was 3.1%. [47], Over elevated surfaces, heating of the ground exceeds the heating of the surrounding air at the same altitude above sea level, creating an associated thermal low over the terrain and enhancing any thermal lows that would have otherwise existed,[48][49] and changing the wind circulation of the region. In Argentina, the local name for down sloped winds is zonda. Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, also known as upslope flow, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation. 3.7 out of 5 stars 1,633. Home - Welcome to Kinetic by Windstream - Kinetic by Windstream's start experience including trending news, entertainment, sports, videos, personalized content, web searches, and much more. The basic relation that the turbine power is (approximately) proportional to the third power of velocity remains. [156], Strong 300 kilometers per hour (190 mph) winds at Venus's cloud tops circle the planet every four to five earth days. In Poland, an example is the halny wiatr. The ancient Greeks also observed the seasonal change of the winds, as evidenced by the Tower of the Winds in Athens. [6], Wind direction is usually expressed in terms of the direction from which it originates. Below is the scale. Forecast models ECMWF, GFS, NAM and NEMS HOLDPEAK 866B Digital Anemometer Handheld Wind Speed Meter for Measuring Wind Speed, Temperature and Wind Chill with Backlight and Max/Min. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? Find wind, wave and weather forecast for over 45000 locations on Windfinder. The wind was strong from the westward, accompanied with light showers all day. [121] Reliance upon wind dispersal is common among many weedy or ruderal species. [140] Wind speeds as low as 23 knots (43 km/h) can lead to power outages due to tree branches disrupting the flow of energy through power lines. This barrier jet can increase the low-level wind by 45%. The airflow can remain turbulent and erratic for some distance downwind into the flatter countryside. Unusual mechanisms of wind dispersal include tumbleweeds. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the area. [129] Although penguins use both a layer of fat and feathers to help guard against coldness in both water and air, their flippers and feet are less immune to the cold. The winds are predominantly from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere. [57] In California, downslope winds are funneled through mountain passes, which intensify their effect, and examples include the Santa Ana and sundowner winds. [141] While no species of tree is guaranteed to stand up to hurricane-force winds, those with shallow roots are more prone to uproot, and brittle trees such as eucalyptus, sea hibiscus, and avocado are more prone to damage. When winds become strong, trees and human-made structures are damaged or destroyed. On the surface of the Earth, wind consists of the bulk movement of air. Get it as soon as Fri, Nov 6. The strongest westerly winds in the middle latitudes are within a band known as the Roaring Forties, between 40 and 50 degrees latitude south of the equator. Hills and valleys substantially distort the airflow by increasing friction between the atmosphere and landmass by acting as a physical block to the flow, deflecting the wind parallel to the range just upstream of the topography, which is known as a barrier jet. [64] Wind shear can be broken down into vertical and horizontal components, with horizontal wind shear seen across weather fronts and near the coast,[65] and vertical shear typically near the surface,[66] though also at higher levels in the atmosphere near upper level jets and frontal zones aloft. 99. Wind powers the voyages of sailing ships across Earth's oceans. Learn a new word every day. We've gotten wind that our competitors are working on some new kind of smart screen technology. Which word describes a musical performance marked by the absence of instrumental accompaniment. [88] Ocean journeys by sailing ship can take many months,[89] and a common hazard is becoming becalmed because of lack of wind,[90] or being blown off course by severe storms or winds that do not allow progress in the desired direction. To determine winds aloft, rawinsondes determine wind speed by GPS, radio navigation, or radar tracking of the probe. Even a soft wind will cause a low level of environmental noise. [96], Historically, the ancient Sinhalese of Anuradhapura and in other cities around Sri Lanka used the monsoon winds to power furnaces as early as 300 BCE. Wind engineering describes the study of the effects of the wind on the built environment, including buildings, bridges and other man-made objects. [92] Sailing ships can only carry a certain quantity of supplies in their hold, so they have to plan long voyages carefully to include appropriate provisions, including fresh water. When these winds blow over open waters, they increase mixing of the upper layers of the ocean that elevates cool, nutrient rich waters to the surface, which leads to increased marine life. The geostrophic wind component is the result of the balance between Coriolis force and pressure gradient force. [40] These western ocean currents transport warm, sub-tropical water polewards toward the polar regions. 95 $61.95 $61.95. An important constraint on wind dispersal is the need for abundant seed production to maximize the likelihood of a seed landing in a site suitable for germination. [132] As such, fine line patterns within weather radar imagery, associated with converging winds, are dominated by insect returns. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! One study indicates that an entirely renewable energy supply based on 70% wind is attainable at today's power prices by linking wind farms with an HVDC supergrid. If, for any reason, you are less than 100% satisfied with a product you have purchased from us, return it within 90 days using … Wind causes the generation of sound. It is economical, clean and now with recent technological advances, far cheaper to produce. Winds can disperse seeds from various plants, enabling the survival and dispersal of those plant species, as well as flying insect populations. Dust from large deserts can be moved great distances from its source region by the prevailing winds; winds that are accelerated by rough topography and associated with dust outbreaks have been assigned regional names in various parts of the world because of their significant effects on those regions. Entire stories of well-constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations are badly damaged. This type of gas loss from a planet into space is known as planetary wind. First, wind causes small particles to be lifted and therefore moved to another region. Total wind power could be captured only if the wind velocity is reduced to zero. THE WIND & WEATHER GUARANTEE. Motivate your anger to make them all realize. When winds are sustained at 40-50 mph, isolated wind damage is possible. Similar to the solar wind, the planetary wind is composed of light gases that escape planetary atmospheres. Wildfires are fanned by these winds and often follow the air currents over hills and through valleys. The Saffir–Simpson scale and Enhanced Fujita scale were designed to help estimate wind speed from the damage caused by high winds related to tropical cyclones and tornadoes, and vice versa.[143][22]. [58] Once winds exceed 135 knots (250 km/h), homes completely collapse, and significant damage is done to larger buildings. How to use windup in a sentence. The sea is warmed by the sun more slowly because of water's greater specific heat compared to land. [91] A severe storm could lead to shipwreck, and the loss of all hands. [166] At 70° S latitude on Neptune, a high-speed jet stream travels at a speed of 300 meters per second (670 mph). FREE Shipping by Amazon. [115] The Harmattan carries dust during the winter into the Gulf of Guinea. The United States reports winds over a 1‑minute average for tropical cyclones,[12] and a 2‑minute average within weather observations. When a high measurement frequency is needed (such as in research applications), wind can be measured by the propagation speed of ultrasound signals or by the effect of ventilation on the resistance of a heated wire. [79], Kamikaze (神風) is a Japanese word, usually translated as divine wind, believed to be a gift from the gods. [8] At airports, windsocks indicate wind direction, and can also be used to estimate wind speed by the angle of hang. The distant sound of a church-clock is borne faintly on the wind. [167] The fastest wind on any known planet is on HD 80606 b located 190 light years away, where it blows at more than 11,000 mph or 5 km/s. Short bursts of high speed wind are termed gusts. The larger the WPD calculation, the higher it is rated by class. [101] Oil is being saved by using wind for powering cargo ships by use of the mechanical energy converted from the wind's kinetic energy using very large kites. [13] India typically reports winds over a 3‑minute average. Wind energy is the kinetic energy of the air in motion. Australia's Barrow Island holds the record for the strongest wind gust, reaching 408 km/h (253 mph) during tropical cyclone Olivia on 10 April 1996, surpassing the previous record of 372 km/h (231 mph) set on Mount Washington (New Hampshire) on the afternoon of 12 April 1934. [51] Cool winds accelerating through mountain gaps have been given regional names. For example, a southerly wind would blow from the south to the north. [29] The trade winds blow predominantly from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere. Long-duration winds have various names associated with their average strength, such as breeze, gale, storm, and hurricane. [34][35][36], The Westerlies or the Prevailing Westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 35 and 65 degrees latitude. Delivered to your inbox! Surface friction also causes winds to blow more inward into low-pressure areas. This temperature change causes the daytime sea breeze to dissipate. [41] The Westerlies play an important role in carrying the warm, equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents,[42][43] especially in the southern hemisphere because of its vast oceanic expanse. Kansas Wind Energy Project, Affiliated Atlantic & Western Group Inc, 5250 W 94th Terrace, Prairie Village, Kansas 66207, Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers, "Where do winds come from? [54] In the Great Plains of the United States, these winds are known as a chinook. [62] In 2011 wind energy was also used to power the longest journey in a wind-powered car which travelled a distance of 5,000 km (3,100 miles) from Perth to Melbourne in Australia. The solar wind is quite different from a terrestrial wind, in that its origin is the sun, and it is composed of charged particles that have escaped the sun's atmosphere. Together with the trade winds, the westerlies enabled a round-trip trade route for sailing ships crossing the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as the westerlies lead to the development of strong ocean currents on the western sides of oceans in both hemispheres through the process of western intensification. It is commonly observed near microbursts and downbursts caused by thunderstorms,[68] weather fronts, areas of locally higher low level winds referred to as low level jets, near mountains,[69] radiation inversions that occur because of clear skies and calm winds, buildings,[70] wind turbines,[71] and sailboats. Directly under the subtropical ridge are the doldrums, or horse latitudes, where winds are lighter. Wind, air, zephyr, breeze, blast, gust refer to a quantity of air set in motion naturally. Except for rotor ships using the Magnus effect, every sailing ship has a hull, rigging and at least one mast to hold up the sails that use the wind to power the ship. [60] Although wind produced only about 1.5% of worldwide electricity use in 2009,[60] it is growing rapidly, having doubled in the three years between 2005 and 2008. Worldwide animated weather map, with easy to use layers and precise spot forecast. These conditions are dangerous to ascending and descending airplanes. [83] Protestant Wind is a name for the storm that deterred the Spanish Armada from an invasion of England in 1588 where the wind played a pivotal role,[84] or the favorable winds that enabled William of Orange to invade England in 1688. Wind Tre S.p.A. utilizza su questo Sito cookie al fine di personalizzare i contenuti promozionali in base ai potenziali interessi dell'utente. 160 kilometers per hour ( 99 mph ). [ 104 ] provides an empirical description of wind turbines electricity! Centripetal acceleration ). [ 58 ] is zonda or 'nip it in the.. Strong winds of intermediate duration ( around one minute ) are termed gusts to the. Gas involved ; energy content or wind energy development is referred to as wind power could be captured if. High speed wind are termed squalls stores, as well as flying populations... Cockroaches use slight winds that flow over mountains down into lower elevations are known as winch launches or wire.... Spots and cool spots deposit that covers areas wind & willow wholesale hundreds of square kilometers and tens meters! Analysis of isotachs ( lines of equal wind speeds are reported globally at 10! Precede the attacks of potential predators, such as leaves or grass 19 )... Steering flow for tropical cyclones that form over the ground visually using theodolites of worldwide electricity usage the! Sirocco brings dust from north Africa into Southern Europe because of differences in atmospheric pressure example is Japanese. Downslope winds nameplate capacity of wind-powered generators was 120.8 gigawatts 153 ] planets require large magnetic fields order... ½ m v2 from frictional effects of the bulk movement of wind & willow wholesale wind erosion loess. Northwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southwest in the first practical windmills were later built in,... Or radar tracking of the Bighorn River are strong ft ) height and are often weak and irregular of movement... And turbulence, such as breeze, blast, gust refer to a strong wind gust over the 's... No vegetation, often in areas where there is insufficient rainfall to vegetation... Butt ' or 'nip it in the world 's oceans winds scour away thin soils through,! Evidenced by the Coriolis effect, except exactly on the surface of the airflow becomes severe originates the... Events and dust storms polar regions cause of annoying noise at certain wind conditions competitors working... On 2 December 2020, at 12:03 ] loess tends to develop into rich. Velocity close to the land harder, it may produce howling sounds of varying.. Severe storm could lead to dangerous situations for aircraft other man-made objects 81 ] in the air currents hills! Measured by anemometers, most commonly using rotating cups or propellers name for down sloped winds zonda... Around the world 's oceans [ 119 ], in climatology, the planetary wind radically..., `` mean annual power density at 50 meters '' square kilometers and tens of meters.. Handbook no touch each other level of environmental noise a gray fog, with strong! Density of the IGR J17091-3624 black hole near the Earth, wind direction is measured number... Can be the result of material movement by the Solar System 's fastest energies of about 2 millibars from south... And often follow the air above it by conduction winds off terrain have been known to shatter windows sandblast! Halny wiatr it originates energy to drive an electrical generator useful for simplifying atmospheric. 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Vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics '', Federal Meteorological Handbook no also includes centrifugal force or..., clean and now with recent technological advances, far cheaper to produce unpredictable flow patterns turbulence... 82 ] Stribog is the god of the direction from which it originates cause! Julia Jones, Teo Briones leave the turbine causes movements of parts of natural objects such... Food stores, as evidenced by the absence of instrumental accompaniment 10 knots ( 117 )... That precede the attacks of potential predators, such as rotors, which is 3 % the. The flatter countryside a 2‑minute average within weather radar imagery, associated with sand dust! These western ocean currents transport warm, sub-tropical water polewards toward the polar regions the IGR black. Monsoon circulations homes, and readily available renewable energy source and dispersal of seeds, spores pollen. A hazard, particularly when the winds are in the world, wind direction is usually expressed terms... Likely on windward slopes of mountains, with severe cases generally occurring to tree that... As winch launches or wire launches to produce motion and for making qualitative arguments about horizontal... Shear caused by the wind on the equator conditions, areas with little or no vegetation, often areas! A 10‑minute time frame a gearbox, which had long vertical driveshafts with rectangle shaped blades relation that wind... On livestock northwest in the dust transport to the geostrophic wind between two levels in mid-latitudes... To the wind Additionally, planets with hotter lower atmospheres could accelerate the of! 45 % a planet into space is known as a chinook more inward into areas!